Assessment of heavy metal contamination and distribution in surface sediments of Karoun river, Panjoum Bridge to Farsit stations, using geochemical datas and statistical analysis

Authors

Abstract

Rivers, as the living artery of the watershed, have played a decisive establishment of civilizations. But today, large amounts of pollutants enter the aquatic ecosystems, due to overpopulation and the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities. Among these, heavy elements are of special importance due to their stability, non-degradability, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. Therefore, in this study, potential toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn) were investigated in order to determine the concentration, contamination factor and degree of contamination, geo-accumulation index, Enrichment and to detect the level of pollution caused by them. For this purpose, 21 surface sediment samples were collected based on the distribution of point and non-point pollution sources and river morphology. Samples were conditioned and concentration of toxic elements and sulfur were measured using ICP-MS at dry weight with accuracy of mg/kg and percentage of total organic carbon. Using enrichment factor and sediment quality standards (ISQGs, PEL, SEL), the level of contamination caused by toxic elements was detected. Hierarchical clustering analysis (AHC) with Pearson similarity coefficient was used to identify metal elements with similar behavior in river sedimentary environments and the most important cationic adsorbent such as organic matter and clay particles using XLSTAT2018 software. Examination of the samples showed that the highest levels of contamination factors were observed in Cu, Ni and Zn with an average of 3.64, 3.39 and 3.05 respectively, with high contamination. Then there are Cr, As and Pb elements with medium contamination factor and Cd with low contamination factor. The average total concentration of the detected metals in the surface sediment was Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd respectively. The results well identified the polluted and clean ranges of the Karoun River, Panjoum bridge to Farsit. Accordingly, the downstream of the study area of Karoun river (panjom bridge to Farsit) were polluted by the toxic metal of As and upstream of the urban area, and adjacent to the effluent of industrial estates to the river were contaminated considerably by the heavy metal of Cr and Ni at a risky level. Finally, the areas from Abu Debes village to Golestan town are clean from heavy elements. Ni and Cr have a concentration higher than PEL level and there is a possibility of poisoning for aquaculture and water users. Cluster analysis and correlation coefficient show high correlation and similarity between Ni, Cr and As in the B group and Pb, Zn and Cu in the A group. This correlation indicates the same origen or similar geochemical behavior. The research results emphasize the effect of urban-rural pollution (surface water drainage, construction waste and rubbish), industrial and agricultural effluents on the pollution of water resources and sediment of Karoun River, Panjoum Bridge to Farsit.

Keywords

References

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Applied Sedimentology
Volume 9, Issue 18 - Serial Number 18
December 2022
Pages 133-151

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  • Receive Date: 03 March 2021
  • Revise Date: 25 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 26 May 2021

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