Abbassi, N., Khoshyar, M., Lucas, S. G., & Esmaeili, F (2021) Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle–late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran. Fossil Record, 24: 101-116. doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-101-2021, 2021.
Abbassi, N., Shakeri, S., & Rabbani, J (2024) Miocene Proboscidean footprints from the Upper Red Formation, Avaj area, Central Iran. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 34: 19-34 (In Persian with English abstract). doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2023.404716.2096.
Aghanabati, A (2004) Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, 586 p (in Persian).
Ahmad, F., Amir, M., Quasim, M. A., Absar, N., Hasnat, A., & Masood Ahmad, A. H (2022) Petrography and geochemistry of the Middle Jurassic Fort Member Sandstone, Jaisalmer Formation, Western India: Implications for weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting. Geological Journal, 57: 1741-1758. doi.org/10.1002/gj.4372.
Ahmadi-Ghomi, F., Rafiei, B., & Sadr, A. H (2018) Revision of the Miocene Upper Red Formation in the Avaj-Abegarm area, west of Iran. Applied Sedimentology, 6(12): 40-61 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22084/psj.2018.2925.
Alavi, M., & Amidi, M (1976) Geological map of Takab with 1:250000 scale. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
Amini, A (1997) Provenance and Depositional Environment of the Upper Red Formation, Central Zone Iran. Ph. D. thesis, Manchester University, 320 p.
Amini, A (2002) Sandstone petrofacies expressions of source and tectonic controls on sedimentation in a back-arc basin, Central Zone, Iran. Iranian International Journal of science, 3: 43-67.
Baghbanan, O., Jafari-Rad, A., Sheikhzakariaee, S. J., & Nezafati, N (2022) Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of Gheshlagh Cu deposit, Tarom-Hashtjin zone, Zanjan, northwestern Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15 (44), doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08740-6.
Ballato, P., Cifelli, F., Heidarzadeh, G., Ghassemi, M. R., Wickert, A. D., Hassanzadeh, J., Dupont-Nivet, G., Balling, P., Sudo, M., Zeilinger, G., Schmitt, A. K., Mattei, M., & Strecker, M. R (2017) Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the northern Iranian Plateau: insights from middle-late Miocene foreland-basin deposits. Basin Research, 29: 417-446. doi.org/10.1111/bre.12180.
Ballato, P., Nowaczyk, N. R., Landgraf, A., Strecker, M.R., Friedrich, A., & Tabatabaei, S. H (2008) Tectonic control on sedimentary facies pattern and sediment accumulation rates in the Miocene foreland basin of the southern Alborz mountains, northern Iran. Tectonics, 27 (6): 1-20. doi.org/10.1029/2008TC002278.
Ballato, P., Uba, C. E., Landgraf, A., Strecker, M. R., Sudo, M., Stockli, D. F., Friedrich, A., & Tabatabaei, S. H (2011) Arabia-Eurasia continental collision: Insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 123: 106-131. doi.org/10.1130/B30091.1.
Barzegar, M., Jafarzadeh, M., Najafzadeh, A, Khaleghi, F., & Mahari, R (2023) Petrography and geochemistry of Doroud formation sandstones in the Zal section, Eastern Azarbaijan: implication on provenance, tectonic setting and paleoweathering. Applied Sedimentology, 11(21): 62-78 (In Persian with English abstract).
Bassis, A., Hinderer, M., & Meinhold, G (2016) New insights into the provenance of Saudi Arabian Palaeozoic sandstones from heavy mineral analysis and single-grain geochemistry. Sedimentary Geology, 333: 100-114. doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.009.
Bhatia, M. R (1983) Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones. The Journal of Geology, 91(6): 611-726. doi.org/10.1086/628815.
Biralvand, M., Ballato, P., Balestrieri, M. L., Mohajjel, M., Sobel, E. R., Dunkl, I., Montegrossi, G.,Ghassemi, M. R., Glodny, J., & Strecker, M. R (2023) Low-Temperature Thermochronologic Response to Magmatic Reheating: Insights From the Takab Metallogenic District of NW Iran, (Arabia-Eurasia Collision Zone). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 24(1), doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010561.
Critelli, S., Muto, F., Perri, F., & Tripodi, V (2017) Interpreting provenance relations from sandstone detrital modes, southern Italy foreland region: Stratigraphic record of the Miocene tectonic evolution. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 87: 47-59. doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.026.
Cullers, R. L., & Podkovyrov, V. N (2002) The source and origin of terrigenous sedimentary rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ui group, southeastern Russia. Precambrian Research, 117: 157-183. doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268 (02)00079-7.
Dickinson, W. R (1985) Interpreting provenance relation from detrital modes of sandstone. In: Zuffa, G.G., (Eds.), Provenance of Arenites. Reidel Publishing Company, 407: 333-363. doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2809-6_15.
Dozy, J. J (1955) A sketch of post-Cretaceous volcanism in central Iran. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 20(1): 48-57.
Folk, R. L (1980) Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin, Texas, Hemphill, 159 p.
Frisch, W., Meschede, M., & Blakey, R. C (2022) Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift and Mountain Building. Springer International Publishing, Second Edition, 245 p. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88999-9.
Gansser, A (1955) New aspects of the geology in Central Iran. In: Proceedings of the 4th World Petroleum Congress, Rome, Section I/A/5, 279-300.
Garzanti, E (2019) Petrographic classification of sand and sandstone. Earth-Science Reviews, 192: 545-563.
Garzanti, E., He, J., Barbarano, M., Resentini, A., Li, C., Yang, L., Yang, S., & Wang, H (2021) Provenance versus weathering control on sediment composition in tropical monsoonal climate (South China) - 2. Sand petrology and heavy minerals. Chemical Geology, 564: 119997.
Ghasemlooytakantapeh, S., Zohdi, A., & Lakirouhani, A (2023) Petrography and geochemistry of the Miocene Upper Red Formation sandstones in NW Iran; with an application to the origin and tectonic setting. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 153: 106275. doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106275.
Ghasemlou, A (2018) Geology, geochemistry and genesis of sediment-hosted Hamzelou Cu mineralization (NE Mahneshan). Msc thesis, University of Zanjan, 133 p.
Ghasemlou, A., Zohdi, A., Kouhestani, H, & Mokhtari, M. A. A (2020) Lithostratigraphy, petrography and trace elements geochemistary of the middle part sandsonte of the Upper Red Formation in the Hamzelou region (NW Zanjan). Applied Sedimentology, 15(15): 65-78 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22084/psj.2020.19230.1206.
Ghobadi, M. H., Rafiei, B, Heydari, M., Mousavi, S., & Sfandiari, M (2014) The geochemistry and provenance of Aghajari sandstones in Khouzestan province. Applied Sedimentology, 2(3), 48-61 (In Persian with English abstract).
Ghorbani, M (2019) Lithostratigraphy of Iran. 296 p. Springer.
Ghorbani, M (2021) The Geology of Iran: Tectonic, Magmatism and Metamorphism, 441 p. Springer. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71109-2.
Guest, B., Axen, G. J., Lam, P. S., & Hassanzadeh, J (2006) Late Cenozoic shortening in the west-central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, by combined conjugate strike-slip and thin-skinned deformation. Geosphere, 2: 35-52. doi.org/10.1130/GES00019.1.
Haghighi, A., Nabatian, G., Kouhestani, H., Azimzadeh, A. M., Zohdi, A (2019) Mineralization, Mineralogy, Structure, Texture and Genesis of Ortasu Pb-Zn Deposit, NW Zanjan. Journal of Economic Geology, 11(3): 359-386 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22067/econg.v11i3.68921.
Herron, M. M (1988) Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 58(5): 820-829. doi.org/10.1306/212F8E77-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Horton, B. K., Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D. F., Axen, G. J., Gillis, R. J., Guest, B., Amini, A., Fakhari, M. D., Zamanzadeh, S. M., & Grove, M (2008) Detrital zircon provenance of Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic deposits in Iran: Implications for chronostratigraphy and collisional tectonics. Tectonophysics, 451: 97-122. doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.063.
Hou, Q., Mou, C., Han, Z., Wang, Q., Tan, Z., & Ge, X (2019) Petrography and geochemistry of the Lower Silurian sandstones from the Angzanggou Formation in the North Qilian Belt, China: implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting. Geological Magazine, 157: 477-496.
Ingersoll, R. V., & Suczek, C. A (1979) Petrology and provenance of Neogene sand from Nicobar and Bengal fans, DSDP sites 211 and 218. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 49(4): 1217-1228. doi.org/10.1306/212F78F1-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Ingersoll, R. V., Bulard, T. F., Ford, R. L., Grimn, J. P., & Sares, S. W (1984) The effect of grain size on detrital modes: a test of Gazzi-Dickinson point counting method. Journal of sedimentary Petrology, 54: 103-116.
Jafarzadeh, M., Shoghani-Motlagh, M., Mousivand, F., Criniti, S., & Critelli, S (2022) Compositional and Geochemical Signatures of Oligocene volcanoclastic sandstones of Abbasabad-Kahak area, NE Iran: Implications for provenance relations and paleogeography. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 139: 105605. doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105605.
Kandemir, R., Özyurt, M., & Karsli, O (2022) Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Lower Jurassic Sandstones from Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: implications for source to sink processes, paleoenvironmental conditions, provenance and tectonic settings. International Geology Review, 64: 1719-1742. doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2021.1958383.
Kroonenberg, S. B (1994) Effects of provenance, sorting and weathering on the geochemistry of fluvial sands from different tectonic and climatic environments. Proceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress, Part A, 69-18.
Lasemi, Y (1991) Depositional environment of the Upper Red Formation in the east of Tehran. The 9th National Geosciences Congress, Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran (In Persian with English abstract).
Lin, N. H., Guo, Y., Wai, S. N., Tamehe, L. S., Wu, Z., Naing, N. M., & Zhang, J (2019) Sedimentology and geochemistry of Middle Eocene-Lower Oligocene sandstones from the western Salin Sub-Basin, the Central Myanmar Basin: Implications for provenance, source area weathering, paleo-oxidation and paleo-tectonic setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 173: 314-335. doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.01.030.
Loftus, W. K (1855) On geology of portions of the Turco-Persian frontier and of the districts adjoining. Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London, 11(1): 247-245. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1855.011.01-02.33.
Mahari, R (1997) Facies and sedimentary environment of Upper Red Formation in the northwest of the country. Ph.D. thesis, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch (In Persian with English abstract).
McLennan, S. M., Hemming, S., McDaniel, D. K., & Hanson, G. N (1993) Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance and tectonics. In: Johnsson, M.J., Basu, A., (Eds.), Processes controlling the composition of clastic sediments. Special Paper-ageological Society of America, 284: 21-40.
Moghadam, H. S., Li, X. H., Stern, R. J., Ghorbani, G., & Bakhshizad, F (2016) Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopic composition of migmatites from the Zanjan-Takab complex, NW Iran: Constraints on partial melting of metasediments. Lithos, 240-243: 34-48. doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.11.004.
Mohammedyasin, M. S., & Wudie, G (2019) Provenance of the Cretaceous Debre Libanos Sandstone in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia: Evidence from petrography and geochemistry. Sedimentary Geology, 379: 46-59. doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.10.008.
Morley, C. K., Kongwung, B., Waples, D., Warren, J., Julapour, A.A., Abdolghafourian, M., Hajian, M., Otterdoom, H., Srisuriyon, K., & Kazemi, H. (2008) Impact of structural history and style on the petroleum system of the Central Basin in the Saveh-Qom area, Iran, in Proceedings GEO 2008, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 246-248. doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.251.
Nasiri, Y., Zirjanizadeh, S, Forouzandeh, S. K., Taghdisi-Nikbakht, S., & Sedaghatnia, M (2020) Petrography and geochemistry of sandstones of the Padeha Formation in Aso section; Lut bluck, eastern central Iran, implication for provenance analysis. Applied Sedimentology, 8(16): 122-138 (In Persian with English abstract).
Nesbitt, H. W., & Young, G. M (1982) Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of Lutites. Nature, 299: 715-717. doi.org/10.1038/299715a0.
Paikaray, S., Banerjee, S., & Mukherji, S (2008) Geochemistry of shales from the Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup: Implications on provenance, tectonics and paleoweathering. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 32(1): 34-48. doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.002.
Pettijohn, F. J., Potter, P. E., & Siever, R (1987) Sand and Sandstone, 2nd Edition, Springer, New York. 553 p.
Pourdivanbeigi-Moghaddama, S., Salehi, M.A., Jafarzadeh, M., & Zohdi, A (2020) Provenance, palaeoweathering and tectonic setting of the Ediacaran Bayandor Formation in NW Iran: implications for the northern Gondwana continental margin during the late Neoproterozoic. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 161: 103670. doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103670.
Rajabzadeh, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M. A., & Zohdi, A (2019) Stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and tectonic setting of sandstones of the middle part of the Upper Red Formation at Chehrabad deposit section, northwest of Zanjan. Sedimentary Facies, 12(1): 75-90 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22067/sed.facies.v12i1.67349.
Rajabzadeh, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M. A., & Zohdi, A (2020) Petrography and geochemistry of major and trace elements of the Upper Red Formation at Chehrabad Pb-Zn deposit, northwest of Zanjan, implication for provenance and tectonic setting. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 29: 49-60 (In Persian with English abstract). doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2018.99539.1271.
Rajak, P. K., Prabhakar, N., & Banerjee, S (2024) Tracing source and palaeo-weathering conditions of quartzose sandstone in the Cretaceous Cambay Basin: A combined petrographical, geochemical and geochronological approach. Geological Journal, 59: 762-783. doi.org/10.1002/gj.4891.
Rezaei, K., & Foroughi-Shadbad, S (2018) S Petrography and geochemistry of Miocene red clastic sediments in Taleqan area, northwest of Karaj. Sedimentary Facies, 11(1): 69-90 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22067/sed.facies.v11i1.59092.
Rezaei, K., Forooghi-Shadbad, S., & Asadi, A (2015) Petrography and geochemistry of sandstone of upper Red Formation in Hasan-Abad area-SW Tehran. Applied Sedimentology, 3(6): 43-56 (In Persian with English abstract).
Roser, B. P., & Korsch, R. J (1988) Provenance signatures of sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data. Chemical geology, 67 (1-2): 119139. doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541 (88)90010-1.
Sadati, S. N., Yazdi, M., Mao, J., Behzadi, M., Adabi, M. H., Lingang, X., Zhenyu, C., & Mokhtari, M. A. A (2016) Sulfide mineral chemistry investigation of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits, Nahand-Ivand area, NW Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 72: 760-776. doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.018.
Saki, A (2018) Evidences for formation of the Precambrian crust in the Takab complex, northwest Iran (review). Petrological Journal, 9(2): 163-182 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22108/ijp.2018.107439.1060.
Salehi, M. A., Sebdani, Z. M., Pakzad, H. R., Bahrami, A., Fürsich, F. T., & Heubeck, C. (2018) Provenance and palaeogeography of uppermost Triassic and Lower Cretaceous terrigenous rocks of central Iran: Reflection of the Cimmerian events. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 288: 49-77. doi: 10.1127/njgpa/2018/0723.
Sarbaz, N., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R, Khanehbad, M., & Mahanipour, A (2016) Provenance and tectonic setting of Kashafrud Formation in the Navia section (Western Bojnourd), based on petrography and geochemistry studies of sandstones. Applied Sedimentology, 4(8): 89-102 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22084/psj.2016.1826.
Shahidi, A., & Baharfiroozi, K (2001) Geological map of Halab with 1:100000 scale. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
Sharafi, M., Moussavi-Harami, R, Mahboubi, A., & Jafarzadeh, M (2018) Petrography and Geochemistry of the sandstones of the Jeirud Formation in the Central Alborz: Application for Provenance and Tectonic setting. Applied Sedimentology, 6(12): 1-24 (In Persian with English abstract). 10.22084/psj.2018.14126.1151.
Stahl, A. F (1911) Persian, Handbuch der Regionalen Geologie, 5(6): 1-46.
Stocklin, J., & Eftekharnezhad, J (1969) Geological map of Zanjan with 1:250000 scale. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
Suttner, L. J., & Dutta, P. K (1986) Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate; I, Framework mineralogy. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 56(3): 329-345.
Suttner, L. J., Basu, A., & Mack, G. H (1981) Climate and the origin of quartz arenites. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 51(4): 1235-1246. doi.org/10.1306/212F7E73-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Tawfik, H. A., Salah, M. K., Maejima, W., Armstrong-Altrin, J. S., Abdel-Hameed, A. T., & El Ghandour, M. M (2017) Petrography and geochemistry of the Lower Miocene Moghra sandstones, Qattara Depression, north Western Desert, Egypt. Geological Journal, 53: 1938-1953. doi.org/10.1002/gj.3025.
Taylor, S. R., & McLennan, S. M (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 p. doi:10.1017/S0016756800032167.
Tobia, F. H., & Aswad, K. J (2015) Petrography and geochemistry of Jurassic sandstones, Western Desert, Iraq: implications on provenance and tectonic setting. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8: 2771-2784. doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1392-0.
Weltje, G. J (2006) Ternary sandstone composition and provenance: an evaluation of the Dickinson model. In: Buccianti A. Mateu-Figueras G. and Pawlowsky-Glahn V. (Eds.), Compositional Data Analysis in the Geosciences: From Theory to Practice. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 264: 79-99. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.264.01.07.
Zaheri, M., Rafiei, B., & Alipoor, R (2021) Petrography and geochemistry of the Neogene continental redbeds in the Eshtehard area, Alborz Province, Iran: insights into tectonic setting, provenance and paleoclimate. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(18): 1946. doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08236-3.
