Applied Sedimentology

Applied Sedimentology

Paleoclimate in Lake Sediments according to biological remains studies during Late Holocene (Folded Zagros)

Authors
H. Noroozpour 1
J. Darvishi Khatooni 2
1 Assist. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Payame Noor Unvierstiy, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph. D., in geomorphology, Geological survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
10.22084/psj.2024.29614.1443
Abstract
The studied area is located in the northeast of Khuzestan province and in the range of the folded Zagros highlands and is located in the sub-unit of Izeh in geomorphological division. Investigating the history of sedimentation, paleoclimate changes and identifying dry and wet periods in the late Holocene period is the subject of this research. In this research, an intact sedimentary core with a depth of 720 cm was taken from the bed sediments of Chegarman Lake by hand corer. Sedimentary facies were identified based on the texture, structure and size of sediments, organic matter, color, plant and animal remains, and other macroscopic components. According to the sedimentological studies, type of biological remains, the climatic and environmental changes of the region was investigated. According to previous studies (Darvishi khatooni et al., 2019) in this sedimentary-structural zone, the sedimentation rate is about 1.4 mm per year. But the sedimentation rate is different for different depths and times. In the studied sedimentary sequence, at least two wet periods, from about 4000 to 3100 (BP) and 1250 to 200 (BP) and two dry periods about 4500-4300 (BP) (warm and dry) and about 3100 to 1250 (BP) (cold and dry) were identified during the late Holocene (last 5000 years). The most severe dry period, the dry period about 4500-4300 (BP), occurred at the beginning of the late Holocene. The dry period appeared suddenly in the region and ended gradually, and the wet periods started gradually and ended suddenly. Dry periods have appeared in the region great and shorter than wet periods.
Keywords
Climate changes
Izeh subzone
Sedimentary core
Sedimentology
late Quaternary
An, F., Ma, H., Wei, H., Lai, Z (2012) Distinguishing aeolian signature from lacustrine sediments of the Qaidam Basin in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its palaeoclimatic implications. Aeolian Research 4:17-30. doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.12.0 04.
Bayat, M., Fotohi, P., Negaresh, H., Mohammadi, A (1401) Sedimentary geochemistry as an indicator of late Quaternary climate change in the Jazmorian playa, Iranian Quaternary Journal, 8 (1 - 2): 56-82 (in Persian).
Bogemans, F., Boudin Janssens, R., Baeteman, C (2017) Depositional evolution of the Lower Khuzestan plain (SW Iran) since the end of the Late Pleistocene. Quatern Sci Rev, 171: 154–165. doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.011.
Bogemans, F., Boudin, M., Janssens, R., Baeteman, C (2016) new data on the sedimentary processes and timing of the initial inundation of Lower Khuzestan (SW Iran) by the Persian Gulf. J Holocene 27 (4): 613–620. doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670224.
Bouchet, Ph., Jean-Pierre, R., Bernhard, H., Andrzej, K., Yasunori, K., Alexander, N., Pavel, P., Michael, S., Ellen, E., S (2017) Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families, Malacologia, 61: 526 p. doi.org/10.4002/040.061.0201.
Darvishi Khatooni, J (2011) Report on Limnology and Paleolimnology of Lake Urmia, Phase IV: Hydrogeochemistry of Lake Urmia, Geology and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran, 80 p (in Persian).
Darvishi Khatooni, J., Fotohi, P., Negaresh, H., Mohammadi, A (2019) Climate and Paleoenvironment of Abzalu Wetland in Khuzestan Province Using Sedimentary Cores in the Late Holocene. Iranian Quaternary Quarterly, 5 (3): 323-347 (in Persian).
Delorme, L., D (2011) on the identity of the ostracode genera Cypriconcha and Megalocypris, Canadian, Journal of Zoology, 47: 271-281. doi.org/10.1139/z69-058.
Djamali, M (2008) Palaeoenvironmental changes in Iran during the last two climatic cycles (vegetationclimate-anthropisation), PHD thesis, Sciences and Techniques faculty, university of Paulsezanne (AIXMARSEILLE III), 194 p.
Enzel, Y., Wells, S. G., Lancaster, N (2003) Late Pleistocene lakes along the Mojave River, southeast California. In: Enzel, Y., Wells, S.G., Lancaster, N. (eds.), Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America Special Paper, 368: 61–77.
Fotoohi, S., Negaresh, H., Darvishi Khatooni, J., Bayat, M (2022) Investigating aeolian deposits in Hamun Lake located in east of Iran during Holocene period, Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences, 81: 12. doi: 10.1007/s12665-021-10085-y.
Gierlowski-Kordesch, E., and Kelts, K (2000) Lake Basins through Space and Time, AAPG Studies in Geology, 46: 648 p.
Hamzeh, M., A (2016) Reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions of southeastern Iran using Holocene sedimentology of Lake Hamoon, PhD thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 217 pp (in Persian).
Jalilian, T., Taghian, A., Lak, R., Darvishi khatooni, J (2021) The Late Quaternary sedimentary sequences and environmental changes based on core studies in the Gavkhouni Playa (Central Iran). Environ Earth Sci 80: 782. doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10040-x.
Kelts, K., His, K. J (1978) Freshwater carbonate sedimentation. In: Lerman, A. (ed.), LakesChemistry, Geology, Physics. SpringerVerlag, New York, 295–323.
Kelts, K., Shahrabi, M (1986) Holocene sedimentology of hypersaline Lake urmia, Nortwestern Iran, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 54: 105-130. doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90120-3.
Khosrowtehrani, K (1998) Geology of Iran (Geology), Tehran, Payam Noor University Press, 327 pp (in Persian).
Lak, R (2007) Geological Survey Report of Maharlu Lake, Phase I: Hydrochemistry and Hydrogeochemistry, Geology and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran, 70 pp (in Persian).
Lowe, J. J., Walker, M. J. C (2015) Reconstructing Quaternary Environments, 3rd ed., Routledge. 568 p. doi.org/10.4324/9781315797496.
Marx, S. K., and McGowan, H. A (2005) Dust transportation and deposition in a super humid nvironment, west coast, south Island, New Zealand. Catena 59: 147-171. doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2004.06.005.
Mohammadi, A (2011) Sedimentology and sedimentary geochemistry of the continental shelf of the Oman Sea, Internal Report of the Geology Organization of Iran, 150 pp (in Persian).
Mousavi-Harami, R (2011) Sedimentology, Quds Razavi Province Publications, 13th edition, 476 pp (in Persian).
Paik, I., S. and Kim, H. J (2006) Playa Lake and sheetflood deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Jindong Formation, Korea: Occurrences and palaeoenvironments. Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 187: 83-103. doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.12.006.
Parris, A. S., Bierman, P. R., Noren, A. J., Prins, M. A., Lini, A (2010) Holocene paleostorms identified by particle size signatures in lake sediments from the northeastern United States. Journal of Paleolimnology, 43: 29-49. doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9311-1.
Ramezani, A (2013) Palynological reconstruction of vegetation history, climate change, and human activities in the late Holocene in the Kelardasht region, Iranian Forest and Poplar Research, 21(1): 48-62 (in Persian).
Roop, H. A., Dunbar, G. B., Vandergoes, M. J., Forrest, A. L., Walker, Sh. L., Purdie, J., Upton, Ph., Whinney, J (2014) Seasonal controls on sediment transport and deposition in Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand: Implications for a high-resolution Holocene paleoclimate reconstruction: Sedimentology Journal, 62: 826 - 844. doi.org/10.1111/sed.12162.
Sabakkhiz, F (2015) Reconstruction of environmental changes of Maharlu Lake in the Late Quaternary, PhD thesis, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Isfahan (in Persian).
Sai, K (2004) Geochemistry of Lake Sediments as a Record of Environmental Change in a High Arctic Watershed, Chemie der Erde, 64 (3): 257–275.
Salehipourmilani, A. R (2012) Investigation of Hurricane Gono and its effects on the geomorphology of the Makran Sea coastlines using remote sensing, 21(83): 32-23 (in Persian).
Shahbazi, R (2015) Study of Quaternary sedimentary changes in order to determine the natural pattern of desertification in the Shadegan playa-wetland, PhD thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 207 pp (in Persian).
Sharifi, A., Pourmand, A., Canuel, E. A., Ferer-Tyler, E., Peterson, L. C., Aichner, B., Feakins, S. J., Daryaee, T., Djamali, M., Naderi-Beni, A (2015) Abrupt climate variability since the last deglaciation based on a high-resolution, multi-proxy peat record from NW Iran: The hand that rocked the Cradle of Civilization? Quaternary Science Reviews, 123: 215-230. doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.006.
Solotchina, E, P., Sklyarov, E, V., Solotchin, P, A. Vologina, E, G., Sklyarova, O, A (2014) Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of carbonates from the Holocene sediments of Lake Kiran (western Transbaikalia): connection with paleoclimate: Russian Geology and Geophysics, 55(4): 472-482. doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.03.005.
Stevens, L. R., Ito, E., Schwalb, A., Wright, H. E (2006) Timing of atmospheric precipitation in the Zagros Mountains inferred from a multi-proxy record from Lake Mirabad, Iran, Quaternary Research, 66(3): 494-500. doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.008.
Vaezi, A. L., Ghazban, F., Tavakoli, V., Routh, J., Naderi Beni, A. M., Bianchi, T. S., Curtis, J. S., Kylin, H (2019) A Late Pleistocene-Holocene multi-proxy record of climate variability in the Jazmurian playa, southeastern Iran.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514: 754-767. doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.026.
Vathiq Abbasi, Z., Abbas-Nejad-Seresti, R., Ghorbani, H. R., Roustaei, M. S., (2016) Population estimation in Sistan based on archeological and ethnological studies, Archaeological Studies, 8 (2): 229-243 (in Persian).
Wasylikowa, K., Witkowski, A., Walanus, A., Hutorowicz, A., Alexandrowicz, S. W., Langer, J. L (2006) Paleolimnology of Lake Zeribar, Iran, and its climatic implications, Quaternary Research, 66 (3): 477-493. doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.006.
Yousefi-Rad, M., Mir-Mohammad-Makki, M., Khodakarami-Fard, Z., Abdulnia, A (2010) Chemical and isotopic stratigraphy of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene sequence, Meeghan Desert, Arak. 14th Conference of the Geological Society of Iran (in Persian).

  • Receive Date 16 July 2024
  • Revise Date 28 November 2024
  • Accept Date 04 December 2024