سنگ چینه نگاری، زیست چینه نگاری و طیف سنجی پرتو گاما مرز کرتاسه-پالئوژن در برش چینه شناسی سطحی و چاه اکتشافی در ناحیه فارس ساحلی، کمربند چین خورده و رانده زاگرس

نویسندگان

گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده ی علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش تعیین دقیق مرز کرتاسه-پالئوژن در ناحیه فارس ساحلی بر مبنای خصوصیات سنگ شناسی، فسیلی و نمودار پرتوگاما سطحی و چاه است. این مطالعه بر روی یک برش سطحی در یال شمالی تاقدیس گاوبست و یک چاه اکتشافی در همان ناحیه انجام و سپس با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است.
در این تحقیق راس سازند گورپی و قاعده سازند پابده به ضخامت 50 متر نمونه برداری صحرایی به تعداد 195 نمونه و اندازه گیری پرتوگاما بوسیله دستگاه برداشت پرتو گاما قابل حمل به فاصله 30 سانتی متری صورت گرفته که به جهت تعیین دقیق مرز و بایوزون ها قبل و بعد از مرز کرتاسه-پالئوژن، برای افزایش دقت، فاصله به 15 سانتی متر کاهش داده شد. فاصله نمونه برداری از خرده های حفاری در زمان حفاری چاه اکتشافی 2 متر بوده است . اورانیوم (پی پی ام)، توریوم(پی پی ام)، پتاسیم (%) و مقدار کل گاما (نانو گری/ ساعت) در محل هر نمونه اندازه گیری شده و با نرم افزار ژئولاگ رسم گردیده و سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار سیکلولاگ، لاگ گامای سطحی با چاه اکتشافی در ناحیه مقایسه شده است. نتایج نشانگر تغییرات زیاد تشعشع پرتوگاما (02/17 تا 94/81 نانوگری بر ساعت) است. این افزایش گاما بر مرز کرتاسه-پالئوژن منطبق نیست و به دلیل افزایش کانی گلوکونیت و فسفات در نهشته های نزدیک مرز است. کمترین مقدار اورانیوم 36/1پی پی ام و بیشترین آن 24/13پی پی ام است.
فرامینیفر­های پلانکتون در مقطع میکروسکوپی و هم بصورت شسته شده جدا و مورد مطالعه و عکسبرداری قرار گرفته اند. تعداد 25 جنس و 50 گونه از فرامینیفرهای پلانکتون شناسایی شده است. بایوزون های شناسایی شده در راس سازند گورپی عبارتند از زون Gansserina gansseri  و زون Contusotruncana contusa  که نشانگرسن بخش بالایی کامپانین پسین تا مائسترشتین میانی می باشد. بایوزون های شناسایی شده در قاعده سازند پابده شامل زون گستره-بخشی Eoglobigerina edita (P1) ، زون پایین ترین پیدایشPramurica uncinata (P2)  و زون پایین ترین پیدایشMorozovella angulata (P3) می باشند که نشانگر سن دانین برای نهشته های قاعده سازند پابده می باشد. طبق مطالعات صورت گرفته مرز سازند های گورپی-پابده در ناحیه مورد مطالعه به دلیل نبود زون های Abathomphalus mayeroensis  , Pseudoguembelina hariaensis,    Pseudotextularia elegans,  , Plummerita hatkeninoides,  Guembeliteria cretacea (P0)  و زون محدوده تمام   Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina (Pα) ناپیوسته موازی بوده و این ناپیوستگی از مائستریشتین پسین تا دانین پیشین می باشد. این ناپیوستگی به دلیل وجود گلوکونیت و فسفات در نهشته های نزدیک مرز سازند های گورپی-پابده نشانگر هارد گراند می باشد.
 از نظر لیتو استراتیگرافیک مرز سازند های گورپی و پابده به دلیل عدم وجود عضو غیر رسمی شیل ارغوانی در قاعده سازند پابده در ناحیه فارس ساحلی، در ابتدای شروع لایه های مارلستونی سازند پابده که کم فرسا بوده و دارای میکروفسیل های حمل شده کرتاسه هستند قرار داده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and gamma-ray spectrometry of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in surface section and exploratory well in Coastal Fars, Zagros fold and thrust belt

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolreza Moghaddasi
  • Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam
  • Ali Seyrafian
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study to detect the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary in Coastal Fars based on lithological and micropaleontological characteristics and also gamma-ray logs in outcrop exposure and borehole wireline. This study has been done on one surface stratigraphic section in north flank of Gavbast anticline and one exploratory well in the same region and correlation between them.
A presumable interval from the top of the Gurpi and base of the Pabdeh formations with thickness of 50 m was measured where 195 samples were collected. Surface gamma-ray survey was performed a cross section by using a hand-held gamma-ray spectrometer in 30 cm intervals. To distinguish the K/Pg boundary in detail, the sampling and gamma-ray measuring interval was focused on 15 cm steps near the presumable K/Pg boundary. The sampling interval of cuttings in wildcat well at the drilling time was 2 m. The U (ppm), Th (ppm), K (%) and dose rate (nGy/h) were measured in every sampling site. The data was processed by Geolog software. Field gamma-ray was correlated with the wireline gamma-ray log from borehole by the CycloLog software. The results shows gamma radiation has wide range values (17.02 nGy/h - 81.94 nGy/h).  The increasing of gamma-ray is not coincident to K/Pg boundary and this is due to high frequency of glauconite and phosphate near to K/Pg boundary. The minimum value of U is 1.36 ppm and maximum value is 13.24 ppm.
The planktonic foraminifera studied and photographed under thin section and also as washed samples. 25 genera and 50 species of planktonic foraminifera have been determined. The recognized biozones are Gansserina gansseri Zone, and Contusotruncana contusa Zone indicate latest Campanian to middle Maastrichtian age for upper part of the Gurpi Formation and Eoglobigerina edita Partial-range Zone (P1), Praemurica uncinata Lowest-occurrence Zone (P2) and  Morozovella angulata Lowest-occurrence Zone (P3) assign Danian age for lower part of the Pabdeh Formation. Due to lack of Abathomphalus mayeroensis Zone, Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Zone, Pseudotextularia elegans Zone, Plummerita hatkeninoides Zone, Guembeliteria cretacea (P0) Zone and Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina (Pα)Total-range Zone, a paraconformity between the Gurpi and Pabdeh formations in the studied area was recognized, which encompasses since late Maastrichtian till earliest Danian. Presence of glauconite and phosphate near to top of the Gurpi Formation deposits reveals a hardground.
From lithostratigraphic point of view, due to lack of purple shale informal member at the base of Pabdeh Formation in Coastal Fars, the Gurpi and Pabdeh formations boundary was inferred at the low weathered marlstones beds at the base of Pabdeh Formation which comprises reworked Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lithostratigraphy
  • Biostratigraphy
  • Planktonic foraminifera
  • Gamma-ray spectrometry
  • K/Pg
  • Zagros

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