معرفی و مکانیزم تشکیل انواع ساخت های تغییر شکل یافته رسوبات نرم در توالی کلوت های شهداد، جنوب باختر بیابان لوت

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

کلوت­های شهداد شامل مجموعه­ای از تپه­های طولی با روند شمال باختری- جنوب خاوری بوده که در شمال شهداد (خاور کرمان) و جنوب باختر بیابان لوت قرار دارند. توالی عمودی کلوت­ها عمدتاً از زوج لایه­های ماسه­ای و گل­سنگی تشکیل شده که در یک محیط دریاچه­ای موقت رسوب­گذاری کرده­اند. علاوه بر ساخت­های رسوبی فیزیکی، در این مجموعه انواع ساخت­های تغییر شکل یافته رسوبات نرم مشاهده می­شود که تحت تاثیر فرایند مایع­شدن و اغلب در دو مرحله مایع­گونی و سیال­شدن رسوبات تشکیل شده­اند. از مهم­ترین ساخت­های تغییر شکل یافته در زمان مایع­گونی می­توان به ساخت­های وزنی و شعله­ای، چین­خوردگی­ها و طبقات پیچیده و ساخت­های تی­پی اشاره کرد. در مرحله سیال­شدن ساخت­های توپی و بالشی و ساخت­های فرار آب و تزریق رسوب تشکیل شده­اند. برش­های اتوکلاستی و ریزگسل­ها نیز اندکی پس از سفت شدن رسوبات شکل گرفته­اند. منشاء و عامل اصلی تشکیل این ساخت­ها در دو دسته اندوژنیک (فرایندهای رسوبی و محیط رسوبی) و اگزوژنیک (حرکات ناشی از زمین­لرزه) تقسیم می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Presentation and formation mechanism of soft-sediment deformation structures in the succession of Shahdad Kaluts, southwest of Lut desert

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Zand-Moghadam 1
  • H. Bavi 2
چکیده [English]

The Shahdad Kaluts include a series of longitudinal dunes with a northwest-southeast trend that are located in the north of Shahdad (East of Kerman) and southwest of the Lut desert. The succession of Kaluts consists of hetrolithic layers of sand and mud sediments that deposited in a temporary lake environment. In addition to physical sedimentary structures, in this s successions, various soft-sediment deformation structures observed, which are formed under the influence of liquidization process in two stages of liquefaction and fluidization. One of the most important deformed structures during liquefaction stage are load and flam structures, folding and convolute bedding and tepee structures. In the fluidization stage, ball and pillow structures, water-escape and sediment-injection structures were formed. Autoclastic breccias and microfaults also formed shortly after consolidate of sediments. The triggers and main formation factors of these structures are divided into two categories: endogenic (sedimentary process and depositional setting) and exogenic (earthquake activity) triggers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soft-sediment deformation structures
  • Liquefaction
  • Fluidization
  • Shahdad Kaluts
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