ریزرخساره‌ها و محیط رسوبی رسوبات تریاس زیرین سازند الیکا در برش زال، ناحیه جلفا، شمال غرب ایران

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌پایه، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته دکترا، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌پایه، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

یکی از کامل‌ترین توالی‌های رسوبی پرمین بالایی- تریاس زیرین در برش زال در ناحیه جلفا در شمال غرب ایران قرار گرفته است. این برش جهت تعیین تغییرات ریزرخساره و محیط رسوبی در بالاترین بخش پرمین بالایی و در طول تریاس زیرین مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تغییرات رخساره‌ای از نهشته‌های عمیق بخش‌های بالایی آهک پاراتیرولیتس‌دار به رخساره رس مرزی بعد از انقراض به سن انتهایی‌ترین بخش چنگسینگین به لحاظ لیتولوژیکی و محتویات فونایی بسیار بارز می‌باشد. این تغییر هر چند که به نظر می‌رسد تا حدودی با کم عمق شدن آب دریا همراه باشد اما آثاری از هوازدگی و خروج از آب را نشان نمی‌دهد. با شروع تریاس اگرچه میکروگاستروپود پکستون و بایوکلاستیک وکستون در قاعده سازند الیکا در برش زال دارای ظاهر لخته‌ای می‌باشند که منشا میکروبیال را پیشنهاد می‌کند ولی هیچگونه تشکیلات میکروبیال مشخصی نظیر ترومبولیت­ها مشاهده نمی‌شود. فابریک اسفنج کراتوس که قبلا تنها در بالاترین بخش آهک پاراتیرولیتس‌دار در برش زال گزارش شده بود هم در رخساره رس مرزی و هم در لایه‌های قاعده‌ای سازند الیکا به عنوان یک ویژگی بعد از انقراض برای اولین بار در این برش گزارش می‌شود. گذر از پرمین بالایی به تریاس زیرین در برش مورد مطالعه با تغییرات رخساره‌ای بارز از محیط عمیق به محیط کم عمق شلف درونی همراه می‌باشد. در برش زال ظهور کربنات‌های میکروبیال در لایه‌های بالایی بخش زیرین و در بخش میانی و بالایی تریاس زیرین سازند الیکا می‌باشد که بر خلاف گزارش‌های قبلی عمدتا بصورت استروماتولیت بوده و بصورت محدودتر شامل ترومبولیت و یا بصورت میکریت لخته‌ای و کورتویید مشاهده می‌شود. مطالعه ریزرخساره‌های تریاس زیرین در برش مربوطه حاکی از محیط کم عمق با نوسانات انرژی در بخش‌های مختلف آن نظیر مادستون و بایوکلاستیک وکستون (انرژی کم)، تشکیلات میکروبیال (انرژی متوسط) و  اینتراکلاستیک فلوتستون و ااییدال گرینستون (انرژی بالا) می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Microfacies and depositional environment of the Lower Triassic deposits of the Elika Formation at the Zal section, Julfa area, NW of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Arefifard 1
  • S. Shahinfar 2
1 Assist. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Ph. D. (graduated), Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most complete sedimentary successions of the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic is located at Zal section, in NW Iran. This section was examined in order to determine the microfacies changes and depositional environment in uppermost Permian and through the entire Lower Triassic. The microfacies change from deep deposits of the uppermost portion of the Paratirolites Limestone to the upper Changhsingian Boundary Clay post-extinction facies is sharp lithologically and in terms of faunal content. This change appears to be associated with shallowing but there is no evidence of erosion or subaerial exposure. Despite of the presence of microgastropod packstone and bioclastic wackestone with clotted appearance in their micritic matrix, which is indicative of microbial origin, at the beginning of Triassic at the Zal section, but no microbial buildups such as thrombolite are observable in the lowermost beds of the Elika Formation. Keratos sponge fabric, which has been previously reported only from the uppermost beds of the upper Changhsingian Paratirolites Limestone at Zal section, has been found both in uppermost Changhsingian Boundary Clay and in lowermost beds of the Lower Triassic Elika Formation as post-extinction facies. Upper Permian to Lower Triassic transition at Zal section is associated with considerable microfacies change from deep water setting to shallow water inner shelf setting. Microbial carbonates appear in the upper beds of the lower part and in the middle and upper parts of the Lower Triassic Elika Formation at Zal section, which unlike previous reports is mainly in the form of stromatolite, and in a more limited way includes thrombolite, clotted micrite and cortoids. The microfacies study of the Lower Triassic Elika Formation shows the prevalence of a shallow water environment with energy fluctuations in different parts such as mudstone and bioclastic wackestone (low energy), microbial buildups (medium energy) and intraclastic floatstone and ooidal grainstone (high energy).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elika Formation
  • Lower Triassic
  • Environmental changes
  • Microbial carbonates
  • End-Permian extinction

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 مهر 1402

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