بررسی منشاء و مکانیسم تشکیل گل فشان های منطقه سیوان در شمال غرب تبریز

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم‌زمین، دانشکده علوم‌ طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم‌زمین، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم‌زمین، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

گل­فشان­های منطقه سیوان از پدیده­های منحصربفردی هستند که ارتباط تنگاتنگی با واحدهای رسوبی چین­خورده و دانه­ریز میوسن دارند. این گل­فشان­ها بصورت اشکال مخروطی فرسایش­یافته و خاموش یا نیمه فعال و نیز حوضچه­های گل در منطقه گسترش دارند. نتایج آنالیز نمونه­های رسوب به لحاظ بافتی، آن­ها را در گروه گل­سنگ و سیلت رسی به ترتیب در طبقه­بندی فولک و شپارد قرار می­دهد. کوارتز، فلدسپات­ها، میکاها، انواع کانی­های سنگین، کانی­های رسی (ایلیت و کلریت) و خرده­سنگ­ها (دگرگونی، کربناته و آتشفشانی) از اجزاء تشکیل­دهنده این رسوبات هستند. شواهد کانی­شناسی بیانگر منشاء رسوبات از سنگ­های دگرگونی و احتمالا آتشفشانی منطقه است. میزان کربنات کلسیم در نمونه­های گل بین 19 تا 45 درصد متغیر بوده و بر این اساس رسوبات گلفشان­ها، از نوع گل آهکی، مارن رسی و مارن می­باشند. تشکیل گلفشان­های سیوان در ارتباط با عواملی مانند حضور رسوبات دانه­ریز میوسن، ضخامت رسوبات منطقه و تاثیر فشارهای روباره و تکتونیک ناحیه­ای می­تواند باشد. همچنین حضور گنبد نمکی پنهان طبق نقشه زمین­شناسی و نیز عوارض سطحی، می­تواند از عوامل موثر در تشکیل و فعالیت گل­فشان­های این ناحیه بوده باشد. این گل­فشان­ها به لحاظ ترکیب رسوب، آب و مکانیسم تشکیل قابل مقایسه با گل­فشان­های حواشی حوضه خزر هستند که با شرایط تکتونیکی- رسوب­گذاری حوضه آن­ها می­تواند مرتبط باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the origin and formation mechanism of mud volcanoes of Seivan region in the northwest of Tabriz

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Teymouri 1
  • R. Kadkhodaie 2
  • N. Amel 3
1 M. Sc (graduated), Dept., of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept., of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The mud volcanoes of Sivan region are unique phenomena that are closely related to the folded and fine-grained sedimentary units of the Miocene. These mud volcanoes are in the form of eroded and inactive or semi-active cones, as well as mud ponds in the region. The results of the analysis of the sediment samples, in terms of texture, place them in the mudstone and clayey silt groups, in the Folk and Shepard classifications, respectively. Quartz, feldspars, mica, various heavy minerals, clay minerals (Illite and chlorite) and rock fragments (metamorphic, carbonate and volcanic) are the components of these sediments. Mineralogical evidence indicates the origin of sediments from metamorphic and possibly volcanic rocks of the region. The amount of calcium carbonate in the mud samples varies between 19 and 45%, and accordingly, the sediments of the mud volcanoes are calcareous mud, argillaceous marl, and marl. The formation of Sivan mud volcanoes can be related to some factors such as the presence of fine-grained sediments of Miocene, the thickness of sediments, and the influence of overburden pressures and regional tectonics. Also, the presence of a hidden salt dome according to the geological map as well as surface features can be effective factor in the formation and activity of the mud volcanoes in this area. In terms of the composition of sediment, water and formation mechanism, these mud volcanoes are comparable to mud volcanoes on the margins of the Caspian basin, which can be related to their sedimentation-tectonic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mud volcanoes
  • Salt dome
  • Overburden and tectonic pressure
  • Miocene

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 فروردین 1403

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