دوفصلنامه رسوب شناسی کاربردی

دوفصلنامه رسوب شناسی کاربردی

ارزیابی نرخ فرسایش و رسوب­گذاری در حوضه آبریز سد رسوب­گیر معدن مس درآلو در جنوب کرمان به روش مدل­سازی MPSIAC و EPM

نویسندگان
1 استاد مدعو گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
چکیده
فرسایش خاک به عنوان تهدیدی جدی برای آلودگی منابع آب، هدررفت خاک و انتشار آلودگی­های زیست­محیطی در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک محسوب می­شود. از این­رو لازم است که مناطق تولید رسوب به عنوان نقاط بحرانی فرسایش شناسایی شده و اقدامات لازم در جهت جلوگیری و مهار این پدیده زیست­محیطی مخرب انجام شود. مدل پسیاک اصلاح شده (MPSIAC) و مدل EPM از جمله مدل‌های جهانی شناخته شده جهت ارزیابی نرخ فرسایش خاک و میزان ورودی سالانه رسوبات به پشت سدها هستند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی شرایط فرسایش در حوضه بالادست سد رسوب­گیر معدن مس درآلو در جنوب کرمان و محاسبه میزان ورودی رسوب سالانه به محدوده پشت سد به دو روش MPSIAC و EPM است. نتایج پیمایش­های صحرایی و داده­های آزمایشگاهی نشان می­دهد که بر اساس پارامترهای مدل MPSIAC در حوضه آبریز بالادست سد رسوب­گیر معدن درآلو، این حوضه در دسته حوضه­های با مقدار فرسایش کم قرار دارد. از میان 9 عامل موثر در فرسایش خاک، فرسایش رودخانه­ای در کل حوضه و زیرحوضه باختری به عنوان مؤثرترین عامل شناخته شده است. در زیرحوضه خاوری عامل توپوگرافی، بیشترین تاثیر را در افزایش بار رسوبی حمل شده نشان می­دهد. از سوی دیگر عامل پوشش زمین کمترین تأثیر را در تولید رسوب حوضه آبریز بالادست سد رسوب­گیر معدن درآلو نشان می­دهد. این امر نشان می­دهد که براساس ارزیابی­های مدل MPSIAC فعالیت­های انسانی در این حوضه هنوز تاثیر چندانی بر تخریب سطحی و رسوب­زایی حوضه ندارد. از سوی دیگر مدل EPM به دلیل نادیده گرفتن بسیاری از پارامترهای موثر شدت فرسایش را در حوضه مطالعاتی شدید تا بسیار شدید ارزیابی کرده است که با توجه به شرایط طبیعی حاکم بر منطقه، مقادیر ارزیابی شده به شدت اغراق­آمیز و دور از واقعیت برآورد شده­اند. بنابراین مدل MPSIAC با وجود پرهزینه و زمانبر بودن به شدت برای مطالعات فرسایشی حوضه بالادست سدرسوب­گیر معدن مس درآلو توصیه می­شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of erosion and sedimentation rate in the catchment basin of ​​Dar-e-Allo copper mine waste dam in the south of Kerman by MPSIAC and EPM modeling

نویسندگان English

H. Bavi 1
H. Zand-Moghadam 2
1 Visiting Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
چکیده English

Soil erosion is considered a serious threat to the pollution of water sources, soil wastage and the spread of environmental pollution in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify sediment production areas as erosion critical points and take necessary measures to prevent and control this destructive environmental phenomenon. The modified PSIAC (MPSIAC) and EPM models are global models for evaluating soil erosion and annual sediment input behind dams. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the erosion rate in the watershed of the tailing dam of Dar-e-Allo copper mine and calculate the amount of annual sediment input behind the dam. The results of the field study and laboratory data show that based on the MPSIAC model parameters, the watershed of the waste dam of Dar-e-Allo mine is in the category of basins with low erosion. Among the nine effective factors in soil erosion, river erosion is known as the most effective factor in the whole watershed and the western sub-basin. The topographic factor has the greatest effect in increasing the transported sediment load, in the eastern sub-basin. On the other hand, the land cover factor shows the minimum effect on the production of sediment in the catchment basin. This shows that human activities in this watershed do not have much effect on the surface soil degradation. On the other hand, the EPM model evaluated the severity of erosion in the study area as severe to very severe due to the ignoring of many effective parameters. The evaluated values ​​are highly exaggerated and far from reality by considering the natural conditions prevailing in the area. Therefore, the MPSIAC model is highly recommended for erosion studies in the upstream watershed of the tailings dam of Dar-e-Allo Cu despite being expensive and time-consuming.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Erosion
Sedimentation
MPSIAC
EPM
Dar-e-Allo copper mine
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  • تاریخ دریافت 26 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 23 آبان 1403