ارزیابی روند گسترش آبکندها در بازه زمانی 56 ساله (1346-1402) و برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در حوزه آبخیز دشت جیحون شهرستان بندر خمیر

نویسندگان

1 دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، شرکت مهندسین مشاور ایده‌پردازان توسعه، تهران، ایران

2 دکترای مهندسی منابع آب، اداره مهندسی و مطالعات، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

4 کارشناس مرتع و آبخیزداری، گروه منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، شرکت مهندسین مشاور ایده‌پردازان توسعه، تهران، ایران

5 دکترای هواشناسی مخاطرات اقلیمی، اداره مهندسی و مطالعات، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی روند گسترش آبکندها و تعیین مقدار فرسایش و رسوب در حوزه آبخیز دشت جیحون شهرستان بندر خمیر در استان هرمزگان است. برای این منظور، از عکس‌های هوایی سال‌های 1346 و 1373، تصاویر تاریخی گوگل ارث در سال 1391 و تصویربرداری پهپاد در سال 1402 استفاده شد. همچنین جهت برآورد فرسایش­های سطحی از مدل­های WaTEM/SEDEM و RUSLE استفاده شد. به منظور برآورد مقدار فرسایش آبکندی از تصویربرداری پهپاد باGSD  3 سانتی­متر استفاده و نقشه گسترش آبکندها استخراج شد. سپس با اندازه­گیری مشخصات مورفومتریک آبکندها، مقدار هدررفت خاک ناشی از فرسایش آبکندی برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان داد، سطح آبکندها از 64/132 هکتار در سال 1336 به 39/326 هکتار در سال 1402 رسیده است که حاکی از نرخ پیشروی 46/3 هکتار در سال را دارد. مشخصات مورفومتری آبکندها در 481 نقطه با استفاده از DEM پهپاد با دقت 6 سانتی­متر اندازه­گیری شد. متوسط عمق آبکندها 01/1 متر بوده و به طور کلی می­توان گفت آبکندهای منطقه بیش­تر آبکندهای کوچک و تا حدودی متوسط می­باشند. هم­چنین نسبت عرض بالا به عمق آبکندها بزرگ­تر از 1 هستند و از نظر تخریب اراضی زراعی و زیرساخت­ها حائز اهمیت هستند. یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که عامل اصلی پیشروی آبکندهای حوضه، سیلاب و رسیدن آب به این آبکندها می‌باشد. متوسط فرسایش خاک ناشی از فرسایش­های سطحی در منطقه مورد مطالعه به طور متوسط حدود 40/3 تن در هکتار در سال است. مقدار کل هدررفت خاک در اثر فرسایش آبکندی به طور متوسط حدود 52 هزار تن در سال، برآورد گردید. بر این اساس میانگین 56 ساله (1402-1346) هدررفت خاک در اثر فرسایش آبکندی حدود 12 تن در هکتار در سال محاسبه شد. در نهایت مقدار کل سالانه هدررفت خاک در اثر انواع فرسایش، معادل حدود 4/15 تن از هر هکتار در سال برآورد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Gully Expansion over a 56-Year Period (1967-2023) and Estimation of Erosion and Sedimentation in the Dashte Jeyhoon Watershed, Bandar Khamir County

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Samadi 1
  • M. Zamani Rad 2
  • P. Rezaie 3
  • A. P. Moslem 4
  • A. Kamali 5
1 Ph. D in Watershed Management Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Ideh Pardazan Tosseah Consulting Engineering Company, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph. D in Water Resources Engineering, Department of Engineering and Studies, General Bureau of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Hormozgan Province, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
4 Bachelor in Rangeland and Watershed Management, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Ideh Pardazan Tosseah Consulting Engineering Company, Tehran, Iran
5 Ph. D in Meteorology and Climate Hazards, Department of Engineering and Studies, General Bureau of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Hormozgan Province, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study investigates gully expansion and quantifies soil erosion and sedimentation in the Dashte Jeyhoon watershed, Bandar Khamir County. The analysis utilized aerial photographs from 1967 and 1994, historical Google Earth images from 2012, and UAV imagery from 2023 to assess gully growth. Surface erosion was estimated using the WaTEM/SEDEM and RUSLE models. UAV imaging, with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 3 cm, was conducted to map gully expansion and measure morphometric characteristics, providing an estimate of soil loss due to gully erosion. The findings indicate that the gully area increased from 132.64 hectares in 1967 to 326.39 hectares in 2023, with an expansion rate of 3.46 hectares per year. Detailed measurements were taken at 481 points using a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 6 cm accuracy, derived from UAV data. The average gully depth was found to be 1.01 meters, suggesting that the gullies in the study area are generally small to medium in size. The ratio of top width to depth exceeding 1 highlights significant implications for the destruction of agricultural lands and infrastructure. Flooding and water flow into the gullies were identified as the primary drivers of gully expansion in the watershed. The study estimated that average soil erosion from surface processes was approximately 3.40 tons per hectare per year, while total soil loss from gully erosion was around 52,000 tons per year. Over a 56-year period (1967-2023), the average soil loss due to gully erosion was calculated to be approximately 12 tons per hectare per year. The total annual soil loss from all erosion types in the Dashte Jeyhoon watershed was estimated at 15.4 tons per hectare per year.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gully
  • UAV
  • Erosion Models
  • Morphometry
  • DEM

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 شهریور 1403

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