دوفصلنامه رسوب شناسی کاربردی

دوفصلنامه رسوب شناسی کاربردی

سنگ‌شناسی و کانی‌شناسی سازند قرمز بالایی در محدوده بزرگراه تهران - قم برای ساخت آجر

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده زمین‌شناسی، پردیس علوم، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
چکیده
سازند قرمز بالایی در توالی ستون چینه‌شناسی بر روی سازند قم، و خود در زیر سازند هزار دره واقع شده است. ترکیب سنگ‌شناسی سازند قرمز بالایی شامل توالی‌های قرمزرنگ ضخیم لایه از شیل، سیلت، مارن، گل‌سنگ، ماسه‌سنگ، لایه‌های ژیپس به همراه نمک بوده که رخنمون‌های متعددی در محدوده بزرگراه تهران - قم رخنمون دارد. مارن‌ها عمدتاً به دو دسته دریایی و قاره‌ای تقسیم می‌شوند، نوع دریایی میزان کربنات کلسیم بیشتر ولی نوع قاره‌ای ترکیب رسی بیشتری در ترکیب خود دارد. ویژگی مارن‌ها و آجرهای تولید شده توسط آنالیزهای XRF، XRD، و پتروگرافی ماسه‌سنگ‌ها طبق تقسیم‌بندی پتی­جان مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفت. مطالعات ژئوشیمیایی بیان‌کنندة منشأ گرفتن ماسه‌سنگ‌های بررسی‌ شده از سنگ‌های آذرین حد واسط تا فلسیک است که در موقعیت‌های تکتونیکی حاشیة فعال قاره‌ای تشکیل شده‌اند. کانی‌های اصلی غیر رسی مارن‌های این منطقه عمدتاً شامل کوارتز، کلسیت و دولومیت است و کانی‌های رسی شامل مونت­موریلونیت، رس مخلوط لایه موسکویت ایلیت و کلریت می‌باشند. حدود اتر برگ نمونه‌های مارنی نشان می‌دهد که مارن‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر حد پلاستیسیته و شاخص خمیری، مستعد ساخت آجر هستند. عامل موثر در استحکام آجرها حضور اکسید آهن (هماتیت یا مگنتیت) است. جذب آب آجرهای تولیدی بر اساس استاندارد ملی ایران برای آجر توکار دارای اکسید کلسیم مناسب است و به لحاظ مقاومت فشاری مناسب تشخیص داده شد. نهشته‌های مارنی مورد مطالعه به لحاظ کاربرد آن در صنعت آجر سبک در صورت بهره‌گیری از تمهیدات لازم جهت بهبود کیفیت مواد اولیه قابل‌استفاده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Petrology and mineralogy of the Upper Red Formation, Tehran-Qom Highway area for brick manufacturing

نویسندگان English

M. Ranjbaran 1
F. Sotohian 2
1 Assoc. Prof., School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
چکیده English

The Upper Red Formation, in the stratigraphic column, overlies the Qom Formation and is itself overlain by the Hezar Dareh Formation. Its lithological composition consists of thick-bedded red sequences of shale, siltstone, marl, mudstone, sandstone, and layers of gypsum accompanied by salt, with numerous outcrops distributed along the Tehran-Qom highway corridor. Marls are predominantly classified into two categories: marine and continental; the marine type contains a higher proportion of calcium carbonate, whereas the continental type exhibits a greater clay mineral content.The characteristics of the marls and bricks produced were examined through XRF and XRD analyses, as well as sandstone petrography, following Pettijohn’s classification scheme. Geochemical investigations indicate that the studied sandstones originated from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks formed within active continental margin tectonic settings. The principal non-clay minerals identified in the marls of this region mainly include quartz, calcite, and dolomite, while the clay minerals comprise montmorillonite, mixed-layer illite-muscovite clays, and chlorite. Atterberg limit tests on marl samples demonstrate that the studied marls possess plasticity limits and plasticity indices conducive to brick manufacturing. The iron oxide (hematite or magnetite) is responsible for the color and strength of the bricks. The water absorption of the manufactured bricks meets Iran’s national standards for internal-use bricks, with suitable calcium oxide content and compressive strength.Overall, the marls from the studied area have potential for lightweight brick production, provided that appropriate measures are taken to improve the quality of raw materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Marl
Upper Red Formation
Brick
XRD
XRF
Atterberg Limits
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  • تاریخ دریافت 14 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 مرداد 1404